Taxes, Premium Surcharges, and Social Security in One Plan

Roth Conversion Software & Roth IRA Tool for Advisors

Built for financial advisors. Pick the accounts, the amount, and the timing. See the client's lifetime taxes, surcharges, and Social Security before and after, on one page.

Mark Annese
Mark Annese•Co-Founder of IRMAA Certified Planner, Founder of RetirementAdvisorPro•November 14, 2026•Updated November 14, 2026•5 min read

What Our Roth Conversion Tool Does for an Advisor

RetirementAdvisorPro is planning software built for financial advisors. Its Roth tool answers the question a spreadsheet cannot: what does moving money from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA cost the client over a lifetime, and what does it save?

Our Roth tool:

  • Takes the move you want to test: which accounts, how much, and when it starts.
  • Runs the client’s whole retirement plan with the move and without it.
  • Shows lifetime taxes, premium surcharges, and required minimum distributions on both paths.
  • Shows how much Social Security the client keeps on both paths.
  • Compares every window from one to fourteen years and marks the cheapest.
  • Puts the before-and-after on one page you can show the client, and on a slide in the client presentation.

The numbers are big. In one household we modeled, a $2,000,000 pre-tax 401(k) cost the surviving husband or wife $795,611 in lifetime taxes and surcharges. Moving $80,000 annually to a Roth from age 65 to 72 cut that to $401,176. The full case is in how large 401(k) balances trigger retirement taxes.

Why Converting Is Hard to Get Right

A Roth conversion moves money out of a pre-tax account. The money moved is taxed as income that year. Since 2018 it cannot be undone, so the amount has to be right the first time. Five things decide whether it is.

  • Tax brackets. In 2026 a married couple stays in the 22% bracket up to $211,400 of taxable income and the 24% bracket up to $403,550. Go past a line and the extra dollars are taxed at the next rate.
  • Premium surcharges. The money moved counts as income for the surcharge. In 2026 the surcharge starts at $218,000 for a couple and $109,000 for a single filer. It is charged two years later, to both people.
  • Required minimum distributions. The first RMD comes due at age 73, or age 75 for anyone born in 1960 or later. Money moved to a Roth before then never becomes a forced withdrawal.
  • Social Security taxes. Up to 85% of the benefit becomes taxable once income passes $25,000 for a single filer or $32,000 for a couple. Those limits were set in 1983 and have never moved.
  • The senior deduction. From 2025 through 2028, each person 65 or older gets an extra $6,000 deduction. It shrinks once a couple’s income passes $150,000. A $100,000 conversion can add $112,000 of taxable income once the lost deduction is counted.
2026 limitMarried filing jointlySingle
22% rate ends at taxable income of$211,400$105,700
24% rate ends at taxable income of$403,550$201,775
Premium surcharge begins at MAGI of$218,000$109,000
First required distributionAge 73, or 75 if born in 1960 or later

The two limits that matter most, the brackets and the surcharge tiers, do not line up. Filling the 24% bracket crosses four surcharge tiers.

Medicare IRMAA tiers (MAGI)Federal tax brackets (taxable income)
2026 federal brackets versus IRMAA tiers, married filing jointly$0$100k$200k$300k$400kincome →Federal brackets10% bracket: taxable income $0 to $24,80010%12% bracket: taxable income $24,800 to $100,80012%$100,80022% bracket: taxable income $100,800 to $211,40022%$211,40024% bracket: taxable income $211,400 to $403,55024%$403,55032% bracket: taxable income $403,550 to $512,45032%IRMAA tiersNo IRMAA: MAGI up to $218,000no surchargeMAGI over $218,000: Part B $284.10 per person per month$218kMAGI over $274,000: Part B $405.70 per person per month$274kMAGI over $342,000: Part B $527.30 per person per month$342kMAGI over $410,000: Part B $648.90 per person per month$410kTop of 24% bracket: 4 IRMAA tiers crossed
2026 married-filing-jointly figures from the IRS and CMS. Filling the 24% bracket crosses four surcharge tiers.

Timing makes it harder. The surcharge is set from the return filed two years earlier. A move in 2026 raises the 2028 premium, long after the recommendation was made.

The IRMAA two-year lookback: a 2026 conversion sets 2028 premiums2026: Roth conversion — income lands on the 2026 return2026Roth conversionincome lands on the 2026 return2027: Return filed — IRS passes MAGI to Social Security2027Return filedIRS passes MAGI to Social Security2028: IRMAA charged — both spouses, all twelve months2028IRMAA chargedboth spouses, all twelve monthsTwo years between the decision and the bill.
The surcharge is set from the return filed two years earlier. A move recommended in 2026 shows up on the 2028 premium notice.

Free calculators are a fair first screen. They take an account value, today’s rate, and a guess at a future rate, and stop there. They do not see the two-year lookback, the survivor filing single on roughly half the limits, or the required distribution growing every year. A spreadsheet that handles all of that is a project to maintain, not a tool to run in a client meeting.

What the Software Should Model

Whether you evaluate RetirementAdvisorPro or any other conversion planner, hold it to one standard: it should model the whole household over the whole retirement, with a tax projection for every year, not a single-year rate comparison.

  • Lifetime federal and state taxes, with and without the move
  • Premium surcharges by year, using the two-year lookback
  • Required distributions on whatever is left in the pre-tax account
  • Social Security taxes, and the net benefit after premiums come out
  • The survivor period, when the filing status and every limit change
  • A schedule spread over several years, sized to a bracket or a surcharge tier
  • Tax paid from a brokerage account, with the early-withdrawal penalty if the client is under 59½
  • A before-and-after page a client can read without help

What You Get in RetirementAdvisorPro

The Roth tab lives inside the client’s retirement plan. It already knows the income, the accounts, the Social Security, and the state. Three steps:

StepWhat happens
1. You pickWhich pre-tax accounts to move, how much, when, and how long to spread it over. Whether to pay the tax from the move itself or from another account.
2. You seeBefore and after: lifetime taxes split into federal, state, and surcharges. The tax paid for the move, and the total savings. Social Security Impact, Medicare and IRMAA Impact, and Taxable Income Impact, each on an annual basis. A window chart with the lifetime cost of every length from one to fourteen, cheapest marked.
3. You showTurn the move into a full scenario, so it flows into Social Security claiming and Monte Carlo too. Put a Before & After slide in the client presentation with the same figures. Download the tables.
RetirementAdvisorPro results page: lifetime tax, surcharge and RMD comparison, annual income against each bracket, the window chart, and the before and after table
The results page: before and after costs, savings, the window chart, and the comparison table.

The fastest way to judge any conversion calculator is to run one of your own clients through it and look at the tax impact of each window. That is what the trial is for.

Two Costs Most Tools Miss

The surcharge. It is taken out of the Social Security payment, so crossing a tier shrinks the deposit the client sees. In one modeled single filer, the same $1,575,798 of Social Security paid out $193,305 more on the Roth path, and all of the difference was surcharge. The year-by-year math is in what moving to a Roth changes about Social Security.

The survivor. When a husband or wife dies, the survivor files single on roughly half the brackets and half the surcharge tiers, while the inherited IRA and its required distributions stay the same size.

The $2,000,000 household, modeled from 73 to 95Lifetime taxes and surcharges
Both live$533,325
One dies at 74$795,611
One dies at 74, after moving $80,000 annually to a Roth from 65 to 72$401,176

Software that stops at the joint return has skipped the period when the client is most exposed. RetirementAdvisorPro runs the survivor period in the same plan, with MAGI management and the income limits built in.

Pricing, Trial, and Who It Is For

RetirementAdvisorPro is $139 per month per user. Every account starts with a 7-day free trial with full access. Build one real client, run the numbers, and decide. If one household signs because of the before-and-after page, the software has paid for itself.

For financial advisors only. RetirementAdvisorPro is software for advisory firms. We do not work with individual investors or retirees and cannot give personal tax or retirement advice. If you are working on your own move, please share this page with the professional who handles your taxes.

Disclaimer: This article is educational content for financial professionals. It is not investment, tax, legal, insurance, or accounting advice, and it is not a recommendation of any security, strategy, or product. Any examples, figures, and calculations are hypothetical illustrations based on the stated assumptions and on tax and Medicare rules in effect at the time of writing, which are subject to change; they are not predictions or guarantees, and individual results will differ. RetirementAdvisorPro is not a registered investment adviser, broker-dealer, insurance agency, law firm, or accounting firm, and nothing here creates an advisory or professional-client relationship. Consult a qualified financial, tax, or legal professional regarding your specific circumstances. See our full disclosures.

About the Author

Mark Annese

Mark Annese

Co-Founder of IRMAA Certified Planner, Founder of RetirementAdvisorPro

Mark Annese is an IRMAA Certified Planner specializing in helping financial advisors navigate Medicare income-related adjustments and optimize client retirement income strategies.

Related Resources

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Gross vs. Net Benefit

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The Senior Deduction Trap

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Annual Limits for 2026

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Book a Live Demo

We model one of your clients on the call

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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about our platform and services

What does a Roth conversion do?

It moves money from a pre-tax account, such as a traditional IRA or 401(k), into a Roth IRA. The amount moved is taxed as income in that year. After that, the money grows tax-free, qualified withdrawals are tax-free, and the account has no required minimum distributions during the owner's lifetime.

Which retirement software is best for optimizing conversions?

For financial advisors, the best tool is one that runs the whole plan, not a single year. RetirementAdvisorPro shows lifetime taxes, premium surcharges, required distributions, and net Social Security with and without the move, compares every window from one to fourteen years, and puts the before-and-after on one page for the client.

What is the biggest mistake when converting?

Sizing the amount to the tax bracket alone. The surcharge tiers Medicare uses are different numbers, measured on a different definition of income, and they bite two years later. A move that looks right against the brackets can still raise both spouses' premiums. Test it against both limits, every year.

Will converting raise a client's premiums?

It can. The money moved counts as income for Medicare. In 2026 the surcharge starts at $218,000 of income for a married couple and $109,000 for a single filer. The higher premium shows up two years after the move, and both spouses pay it for the full year.

Is RetirementAdvisorPro for individual investors?

No. RetirementAdvisorPro is planning software for financial advisors and their firms. We do not work with individual investors or retirees and cannot give personal tax advice. If you are planning your own move, share this page with the professional who handles your taxes.

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